Nootropics and how they work
Psychology Today defines nootropics as compounds that enhance cognitive performance. They encompass both prescription medications and over-the-counter memory and cognitive-enhancing products:
Stimulant nootropics are prescription drugs that boost alertness and are often prescribed by physicians for conditions like ADHD. Popular examples include Ritalin, Adderall, and modafinil.
- Stimulants work by correcting imbalances and deficiencies of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine.
Synthetic nootropics are designed to boost memory, especially among individuals with age-related cognitive decline. An example of this is piracetam, which is a popular racetam.
- Synthetics work by acting on the neurotransmitters like glutamate and acetylcholine. Piracetam, for instance, strengthens neural communication within the brain.
Natural nootropics include popular over-the-counter neuroenhancers such as caffeine, herbal ginseng, and creatine, an amino acid compound known for increasing energy levels.
- Naturals work by blocking the neurotransmitter adenosine’s sleep-inducing effects, thus preventing feelings of tiredness.
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