The nootropic pill N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) has become well-known for its potential to improve alertness, focus, and cognition. NAC is an amino acid derivative of L-cysteine and it is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This article strives to offer a thorough analysis of NAC’s nature, health advantages, recommended dosage, negative effects, potential drug interactions, and other pertinent details for responsible usage of this nootropic supplement.
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N-Acetyl L-Cysteine: Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects, Drug Interactions, and Other Important Information is an original (NootropicsPlanet) article.
Nature of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
The amino acid L-cysteine is a component of proteins and can be found in NAC. NAC has the chemical formula C5H9NO3S and is produced by acetylating L-cysteine. NAC is rapidly absorbed by the body and is water-soluble.
NAC contains a thiol group in its chemical composition, which gives it antioxidant capabilities. To counteract free radicals and shield cells from oxidative damage, the thiol group can donate electrons. Additionally, NAC has been demonstrated to raise glutathione levels, which further shields the body from oxidative stress.
Health Benefits of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
Research on NAC has focused on its potential therapeutic value for a range of medical ailments, such as respiratory, neurological, and mental illnesses.
Respiratory Fitness
As a result of NAC’s mucolytic capabilities, mucus in the respiratory tract can be broken down easily and made more pliable. Because of this characteristic, NAC is effective in treating diseases like cystic fibrosis, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NAC has also been researched as a potential therapy for respiratory infections like influenza and COVID-19.
Neurological Conditions
NAC has also been researched for its potential therapeutic value in treating neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities of NAC may aid in defending the brain from harm brought on by oxidative stress and inflammation. The neurotransmitter glutamate, which is crucial for brain function, may also be increased by NAC.
Behavioral Health
NAC has been researched for its possible advantages in treating psychiatric diseases like depression, anxiety, and addiction. By raising the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, NAC may aid in reducing the signs and symptoms of depression and anxiety. By regulating the activity of the brain’s reward system, NAC may also assist those suffering from addiction in reducing their cravings.
Chemistry of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
As mentioned, the amino acid L-cysteine has an acetyl group linked to the nitrogen atom and it is the source of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC). NAC’s molecular weight is 163.2 g/mol and its chemical formula is C5H9NO3S. NAC is a crystalline, white powder that is soluble in ethanol and water.
Foods like beef, chicken, fish, and dairy products all contain this non-essential amino acid L-cysteine. Additionally, it is produced by the body from the necessary amino acid methionine. L-cysteine is a crucial component of protein synthesis and a precursor to glutathione, an antioxidant.
NAC’s bioavailability is improved by the acetyl group connected to the nitrogen atom, which also makes it easier for it to penetrate the blood-brain barrier than L-cysteine. NAC can be ingested orally, administered intravenously, or inhaled through a nebulizer.
In the body, NAC can go through oxidation and reduction processes that can result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). But, NAC on its own also can function as an antioxidant and scavenge ROS to prevent cellular damage. Additionally, lead and mercury, two heavy metals that can harm cells and produce oxidative stress, can be chelated by NAC.
Thus, NAC is a viable candidate for therapeutic usage in many medical disorders due to its chemical makeup and other characteristics.
Physiological Mechanism of Action of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
NAC’s physiological mechanism of action is intricate and includes many routes. The capacity of NAC to raise glutathione levels and shield cells from oxidative stress is one of its primary modes of action. The body receives cysteine from NAC, a precursor to glutathione thereby increasing glutathione synthesis.
Additionally, NAC has anti-inflammatory qualities that could help lessen inflammation in the body. Inflammation is linked to a number of medical diseases, including neurological and mental illnesses.
NAC has the potential to modify the brain’s reward system’s activity, which might help addicts with craving control. Serotonin levels may also rise as a result of NAC use.
Optimal Dosage of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
Depending on the intended application and the person’s general state of health, the ideal NAC dosage will vary. For respiratory problems, a common dosage ranges from 600 to 1,800 mg per day, split into two or three doses. The usual dosage for neurological and psychiatric problems is 1,200–2,400 mg per day, also in doses of two or three.
It’s crucial to remember that NAC can interact with several drugs and supplements, so people should talk to their doctor before using it.
Side Effects of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
When taken at recommended quantities, NAC is usually regarded as safe. NAC, however, can have negative effects on certain people, just like any dietary supplement. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are the most typical NAC side effects. These symptoms are usually minor and can be lessened by taking NAC with food.
NAC can occasionally result in an allergic response. Hives, facial or tongue swelling, and breathing issues are all possible signs of an allergic reaction. People who experience these symptoms ought to get help as soon as possible.
Potential Substance Interactions with N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
People should speak with their healthcare professional before taking NAC because it may interact with several drugs and dietary supplements. The following are a few possible interactions:
- Nitroglycerin: NAC may lessen nitroglycerin’s efficacy as a treatment for chest discomfort.
- Acetaminophen: When used with acetaminophen, NAC may raise the risk of liver damage.
- Blood-thinning drugs: When combined with blood-thinning drugs like warfarin, NAC may increase the risk of bleeding.
- Chemotherapy drugs: NAC may reduce the effectiveness of some drugs used in chemotherapy.
To prevent potential interactions, it’s crucial to let healthcare practitioners know about all supplements and prescriptions being taken.
Responsible Use of N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
- Quality and Purity: It’s crucial to pick pure, high-quality NAC supplements from reliable suppliers while shopping for supplements.
- Storage: NAC supplements should be kept out of the sun and heat. It should always be kept in a cold and dry area.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: NAC supplements should not be taken by pregnant or nursing women because there is no data to support their safety during these times.
- Children: NAC supplements shouldn’t be administered to kids without first talking to a doctor.
- Long-term use: Long-term use of NAC supplements has not been well researched, thus NAC supplements are advised to not be used continuously for a long time.
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine:
Conclusion
From the article, you should know that L-cysteine is a non-essential amino acid. By using the derivative of L-cysteine which is N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) as a supplement, it can improve your alertness, focus, and cognition. The chemical makeup of this derivative contains a thiol group. This gives the supplement antioxidant capabilities to protect the cells from free radicals and oxidative damage. Aside from acting as nootropics, NAC can improve your respiratory fitness.
The reason for this is NAC has mucolytic capabilities which can help break down the mucus in the respiratory tract. The recommended dosage for NAC to attend for respiratory problems ranges from 600 to 1800 mg per day in doses of two or three. On the other hand, the usual dosage of NAC used for neurological and psychiatric problems ranges between 1200 – 2400 mg per day in three or two doses. However, you still need to check if you are a suitable candidate for NAC supplementation by seeking a doctor’s opinion. Â
References:
- Raghu, G., Berk, M., Campochiaro, P. A., Jaeschke, H., Marenzi, G., Richeldi, L., Wen, F., Nicoletti, F., & Calverley, P. (2021). The multifaceted therapeutic role of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in disorders characterized by oxidative stress. Retrieved from: Current Neuropharmacology, 19(8), 1202–1224.
- Tenório, M. C. D. S., Graciliano, N. G., Moura, F. A., De Oliveira, A. C. M., & Goulart, M. O. F. (2021). N-Acetylcysteine (NAC): Retrieved from: Impacts on human health. Antioxidants, 10(6), 967.
- Schwalfenberg, G. (2021). N-Acetylcysteine: A Review of Clinical Usefulness (an Old Drug with New Tricks). Retrieved from: Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2021, 1–13.
Important Note: The information contained in this article is for general informational purposes only, and should not be construed as health or medical advice, nor is it intended to diagnose, prevent, treat, or cure any disease or health condition. Before embarking on any diet, fitness regimen, or program of nutritional supplementation, it is advisable to consult your healthcare professional in order to determine its safety and probable efficacy in terms of your individual state of health.
Regarding Nutritional Supplements Or Other Non-Prescription Health Products: If any nutritional supplements or other non-prescription health products are mentioned in the foregoing article, any claims or statements made about them have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and such nutritional supplements or other health products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
